Surface Settlement Using Electromagnetic Instruments
Detection of Resistive Features using Towed Slingram Electromagnetic Induction Instruments Article (PDF Available) in Archaeological Prospection 16(2):103 - 109 April 2009 with 159 Reads. The use of electromagnetic induction techniques in soils studies. Doolittlea, Eric C. A USDA-NRCS-NSSC, 11 Campus Boulevard, Suite 200, Newtown Square, PA 19073, United States. B Department of Natural Sciences, 291 Campus Drive, Dickinson State University, Dickinson, ND 58601, United States. The electromagnetic Slingram method can provide three types of information. With measurements of the apparent susceptibility using a reduced sampling wide.
Composites based on graphene-based sheets have been fabricated by incorporating solution-processable functionalized graphene into an epoxy matrix, and their electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding studies were studied. The composites show a low percolation threshold of 0.52 vol.%. EMI shielding effectiveness was tested over a frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz (X-band), and 21 dB shielding efficiency was obtained for 15 wt% (8.8 vol.%) loading, indicating that they may be used as lightweight, effective EMI shielding materials. Previous article in issue. Next article in issue.
SysTel INDIA model SI-TM-000 vibrating wire Temperature meters are used to measure internal temperature in concrete structures, soil or water. Temperature monitoring plays a vital role during curing of concrete. It is also used for interpretation and analysis of temperature related stress and volume changes in dams, study of soil and rock temperature near liquid gas storage tanks, and water temperature in reservoirs and bore holes.Vibrating Wire Temperature gauges have a simple yet robust and sturdy construction, which provides a complete waterproofing and high degree of protection from humid and corrosive environmental conditions.These may either be embedded or surface mounted.
Embedment is simple and orientation is not critical. Provision of gas discharge tube protects the sensor against surge and lightning.Model SI-TM-001 is thermistor type temperature meter. An NTC thermistor having a resistance of 3000 Ohm at 25° C is used to measure temperature. Although all SysTel INDIA instruments have an integral thermistor, temperature meters are used in places where other instruments are not required and only temperature has to be monitored.SPECIFICATIONSStandard Ranges-10 to 70 °COver Range80°CAccuracy%fs1%fsMaterial (outer body)Stainless steelDimensionsDia 20mm x 120 mm length.Coil Resistance140 – 160 Ohm @ 25°CSurge arrestorCitel 90V Gas Discharge tubeCable1 m., 2 core shielded.View Complete Details. SysTel INDIA Make Casagrande Piezometer Model SI-CP-000 series is reliable than other types. It is useful to measure ground water pressure/ level around a filter.
It is suitable for borehole. It is comprises a porous ceramic tube.Rigid PVC pipe, rubber bushes and dip meter contains level sounder and a marked cable reel for water level monitoring. When it touches to the water surface, makes a electrical contact, a LED is glow and buzzer is making sound. Then water level can be seen from the marked cable and steel scale. The design & installation of Casagrande Piezometer is followed by as per IS code 7356-1,It is also suitable for heads in embankments, foundation of dams and reservoir, uplift pressure in hill side highways and underground works. It can be installed in a borehole up to the required depth.System consists of a low or high air entry value cylindrical ceramic or plastic filter element closed at one end with PVC/Brass/ Rubber stopper.Casagrande TipOuter Diameter.Inner Diameter.Length37 mm25 mm60 cm longStandpipeOD.wall thicknessLength20 mm1.75 mm1.5 meter eachView Complete Details. SysTel INDIA designed model SI-UP-000 series vibrating wire uplift pressure measurement system that uses a vibrating wire pressure sensor.
This is designed to monitor uplift pressure of water in foundation of dams and concrete structures etc. Pressure gauges version is also available.The uplift pressure meter is used for monitoring uplift pressure of water in the foundation of dams and concrete structures and the stability of foundations of embankments in dams, tunnels and other underground works.It provides significant quantitative data on the magnitude and distribution of uplift pressure of water and its variations with time. It also provides the pattern of seepage, zones of potential piping and the effectiveness of seepage control measures undertaken.The sensor is similar to vibrating wire piezometer except that instead of filter, a 25 mm BSP adaptor is provided for pipe connection. A perforated/non-perforated pipe is inserted in the borehole, at the top of which uplift pressure meter SI-UP-000 Series is attached through valve and fittings.APPLICATIONSFEATURES To determine the magnitude of any hydraulic pressure that may be present at the base of a dam due to percolation or seepage of water along underlying foundation seams or joint systems after the reservoir is filled.
To monitor seepage water from the reservoir area into the dam foundation in respect to the safety of dam structure. To monitor effectiveness of the drainage system below the dam. To study effectiveness of foundation grouting Reliable, accurate, low cost and simple to read.
Protected against lightning spikes. Easy installation in standpipes, pressure vessels. Ideal for underground work.
Thermistor provided for temperature measurement and compensation. Not limited to depth of water being within 5 m from the observation station as is in the case of twin tube piezometers. Transmission of signal as a frequency over long wire lengths. Bourden gage option available.SPECIFICATIONRange (MPa)0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, specifyAccuracy± 0.2% fs normal± 0.1% fs optional± 0.5% fsNon linearity± 0.5% fsOver range limit150% of rangeTemperature limit-20 to 80° CThermistor3Ω thermistor or equivalentThe water oozing through internal pores or seams in rock formations of dam foundations, mass concrete/ foundation soil of structures, reclaimed land soil etc. Percolates upward through the pipe to the sensor.S.No.DescriptionQuantity1.Reducer (50 mm x 25 mm)12.25 mm GI pipe (350 mm)13.Reducer (25 mm x 15 mm)14.15 mm Tee15.15 mm male nipple (50 mm)26.15 mm male nipple (150 mm)17.15 mm wheel valve-10 kg/cm2 (Zalota/Hawa)18.15 mm socket (GI)19.Adaptor110.Model SI-UP-001 VW sensor111.Cable joint holder112.Cable gland PG 91View Complete Details. SysTel INDIA The Model SI-MLPP-003 Multi-Level Pore Pressure Piezometer is designed to measure pore pressure at different levels in a borehole, embankments, concrete structures, pipe lines, wells etc.The piezometer is clamped at different positions to a supporting rod which thereafter inserted into a bore hole of 100 to 150 mm. Intermediate gaps in between the sensor are grouted and space around the sensor is filled with sand.Our Multilevel Pore Pressure Piezometer incorporate vibrating wire sensor with the resonant frequency of vibration of a tensioned steel wire which is proportional to the strain or tension in the wire.
This fundamental relationship is utilized in a variety of configurations for the measurement of pressure. Vibrating wire sensors are well known for their long term stability. Vertical inclinometer provides accurate profile of lateral deflection in two perpendicular planes.1. Monitoring slopes and landslides to detect zones of movement and establish whether movement is constant, accelerating, or responding to remedial measures.2. Monitoring diaphragm walls and sheet piles to check that deflections are within design limits that struts and anchors are performing as expected and that adjacent buildings are not affected by ground movements.3.
Monitoring dams, dam abutments, and upstream slopes for movement during and after impoundment.Description: inclinometer system1.JPGMonitoring the effects of tunneling operations to ensure that adjacent structures are not damaged by ground movements.Specifications:Probe:BiaxialRange±30°Resolution0.01mmSensor accuracy±0.02% FSProbe Length500mmOperating Temperature-20 to 60°CSystem Accuracy±2mm (over 25m)View Complete Details. SysTel INDIA offers model SI-NPL-50 normal and model SI-IPL-51 inverted plumb line for monitoring tilt of tall structures & high rise buildings and for measurement & monitoring of relative displacement in concrete and masonry dams between: Dam top and the base Base and the foundation rockEncardio-rite system employs two travelling telescopes (one each for the X and Y axes) for the measurement of displacement. The travelling telescopes are mounted at right angles to each other. This obviates the necessity of moving and realigning the telescope, plumb line and reference plumb every time a reading has to be taken in the X and Y axes.
Two travelling telescopes not only cut short the observation time but also minimize any chance of error. To facilitate observation from the same direction, one of the telescopes is provided with a right angle prism before the objective lens.
This helps the observer in taking both the X and Y readings, sitting at the same place. This also saves floor space.NORMAL PLUMB LINESysTel INDIA model SI-IPL-050 normal plumb line is used for the measurement & monitoring of displacement between the top and base of a dam. The upper end of the plumb line wire is fixed through a collet arrangement centered on a rectangular colet bar, fixed at the top of the dam. A heavy weight of around 10 kg is clamped at the lower end of the wire. To prevent any to & fro oscillatory movement of the plumb due to any vibration or shock, the weight is damped in a tank filled with oil. A tilt in the dam brings about a shift in the weight which is measured by a set of travelling telescopes mounted perpendicular to each other on an observation table.
Zero reading of the travelling telescope is taken with a reference plumb mounted on the observation table, opposite to each telescope.INVERTED PLUMB LINESysTel INDIA model SI-IPL-051 inverted plumb line is used for the measurement & monitoring of displacement between the base of the dam & the rock foundation. A hole of 150 mm or more in diameter is drilled from the gallery to the desired depth upto the foundation rock. One end of the plumbwire is attached to a steel anchor with the help of a colet. The steel anchor is centered & grouted at the bottom of the drilled hole.
The upper end of the steel wire is fastened by a colet to a float submerged in a water tank in the observation area. A tension of around 8 KGF is maintained in the plumb wire. The water in the tank acts as a damping medium & prevents any to & fro oscillatory movement of the pendulum due to any vibration or shock. A tilt or displacement in the foundation brings about a shift in the float which is measured by a set of travelling telescopes mounted perpendicular to each other on the observation table. Reference plumbs are provided for taking zero reading of the travelling telescopes.FEATURESREFERENCE PLUMB Robust and easy to install. Reliable, accurate and simple to read.
Proven technology and excellent design. Regular frequent monitoring with ease. Accuracy better than with geodesicor theodolite survey.Description: ref, plumb.JPGIt provides a permanent reference point for the transverse & longitudinal measurement of displacement of the structure.View Complete Details. Inclinometer casing is permanently installed in a borehole that passes through suspected zones of movement. Inclinometer casing can also be embedded in fill, buried in a trench, cast into concrete, or attached to a structure.Important features of casing include the diameter of the casing, the coupling mechanism, groove dimensions, straightness, and the strength of the casing.Description: Inclinometer system.JPGSPECIFICATIONS:MaterialABSCollapse rating1960kPaBend rating3.07kNMaximum Temperature80°CTensile strength705KgfOutside Diameter70mmInside Diameter:62mmCasing Length3mView Complete Details.
Inclinometer casing is a special grooved tube, generally installed into a drillhole, used in conjunction with inclinometer system to determine sub-surface ground or horizontal soil movements. The inclinometer casing performs the following main functions: it reflects deformations of soil or rock into which it is installed or in structures to which it is attached; it provides a precise casing for the operation of the inclinometer probe in the determination of inclination changes; its internal grooves provide orientation reference for the inclinometer probe. The new inlinometer probe INCLIS DH, IS designed by SysTel India, allows to perform a set of measurements of direction and inclination of the boreholes in 3-D space. INCLIS DH embodies a magnetometric and an accelerometric sensors threesome. In case of iron casing pipes which could annoy megnetometric sensors, is also provided a peroperly system composed by a set of driven poles. INCLIS DH at the surface is linked with an USB control box which provides both power suppl and real data transfer to the PC, Elboration software SOLCLINO allows an instantaneous delivery of results acquired along borehole, showing its altimetric and planimetric traend.PROBE CHARACTERISTRICDimentions: 200 cm.
Surface Settlement Using Electromagnetic Instruments In Texas
TILLI is a portable tiltmeter. It consists of a rugged stainless steel frame with aluminium sensor housing containing a force-balanced servo-accelerometer. The surfaces of the frame are machined to allow an accurate positioning of the tiltmeter during measurements. Measurements can be done on horizontal or vertical surfaces.
Readings in two orthogonal directions can be obtained rotating the instrument of 90° only on the horizontal surface. The SysTel INDIA make vibrating wire tilt meter is suitable for monitoring of inclination and vertical rotation in structures. It is a high resolution tilt meter, is rugged in construction and has excellent temperature stability.Tilt changes in structures may be caused due to construction activities such as excavation; tunneling and de-watering that affect the ground that supports the structure.Changes in tilt may also result from loading of a structure, such as loading of a dam during impoundment, loading of a diaphragm wall during excavation or loading of a bridge deck due to wind and traffic. Immersive armors skyrim special edition not showing up. Data from the tilt meter provides early warning of threatening deformations, allowing time for corrective action to be taken or if necessary, for safe evacuation of the area.The Tilt meter comprises of pendulous mass supported by a vibrating wire strain transducer and an elastic hinge.
The transducer measures changes in force caused by the rotation of the center of gravity of the mass.FEATURESAPPLICATIONS Provides reliable and high resolution readings. Rugged & robust construction and excellent temperature stability. Suitable for hostile & severe environment Proven vibrating wire technology Readings can be taken by remote datalogger.
Easy to install and take readings. To evaluate performance of bridges and struts under load. Monitoring stability of structures in landslide areas. Monitoring tunnels for convergence and other movements. Monitoring inclination and rotation of dams, piers and piles, etc. Monitoring vertical rotation of retaining walls.The vibrating wire sensors provide a relatively low cost system which offers excellent resolution, long term stability and a low thermal sensitivity. The tilt meter is fixed to the structure using two anchors.
Movement of the structure causes change in tilt of the tilt meter, which results in change in output of the sensor. Measurements can be made on horizontal or vertical surfaces. Subsequent sets of readings show how the structure is behaving and will give an indication of permanent deformations as time progresses.TILT METERSI-TM-016SysTel INDIA Model SI-TM-016 tilt meters are used to measure Tilt in structures like high rise buildings, old monuments, dams, retaining walls and slopes. Studying the effect of excavation on adjacent structure.
Prediction of slope failure and remediation. Protection of monuments and old buildings while making metro tunnels under cities. Measuring tilt of Dam body in order to monitor parameters and ensure Dam Safety. Monitoring effect of water table on old buildings and towers. Monitoring stabilization measures such as pressure grouting.
Evaluating performance of structures like beams, Bridges and Dams under load. Studying convergence and other movements in tunnels. Monitoring deflection and deformation in retaining walls.Description: VW TILT METR.JPGSPECIFICATIONSStandard Range±100Accuracy%fs1%fsMaterial (Sensor body&Installation jig)Stainless steelOperating Temperature-10 to 70°CCoil Resistance140 – 160 Ohm @ 25°CThermistorYSI 44005 or equivalent(3k Ohm @ 25°C)Gas Discharge Tube(lightening arrestor)Citel make 90VDimension38mm max dia x 220 mm length.Sensor Weight:Mounting Jig:1.0 kg800 gSealingIP-67Cable5m, 2 pair shielded cable with spiral conduit for UV protection. Extra cable length available on request.View Complete Details.